Peripheral blood smear, preparation, examination, interpretation, reporting, blood cells morphology. Examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults. Many hematological diagnoses depend upon this procedure and often a definitive diagnosis can be established from the careful examination of the blood film. Blood films are examined in the investigation of hematological blood disorders and are routinely employed to look for blood parasites, such as those of malaria and filariasis. The elements seen, altogether, are not representative of normal peripheral blood, but are portrayed for learning and identification purposes. This video provides guidelines on interpretation of peripheral blood smears. A peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. The most common blood smear is used for the differential. Furthermore, lymphocytosis cases are usually neglected by the clinicians without proper clinicopathological workup. Useful hemepath reference articles, selected reference articles in pdf format. What does this peripheral blood smear most say about the rbc number. The wedge smear is a convenient and commonly used technique for making peripheral blood smears. A properly prepared blood smear is essential to accurate assessment of cellular morphology.
The examination of a peripheral blood smear is one of the most informative exercises a physician can perform. They then tie a band above the venous site where your blood will be drawn. You find that almost all of the platelets are very large, some even larger than red blood cells, and many of the. Most commonly blood smears are used for the differential leukocyte count dlc. Although advances in automated technology have made the examination of a peripheral blood smear by a physician seem less important, the technology is not a completely satisfactory replacement for a blood smear. One slide serves as the blood smear slide and the other as the spreader slide. Examination of a blood smear is an integral part of a hemogram. Peripheral blood film or peripheral blood smear or peripheral smear examination forms an important and basic lab investigation for diagnosing a number of hematological blood disorders. Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. These examination should, if po sible, be conducted in a quiet room where patient and examiner will be free from distraction. Rbc histogram as supplementary diagnostic tool with peripheral smear examination in evaluating anaemia. Man vs machine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. For a blood smear test, a laboratory professional examines the slide under a microscope and looks at the size, shape, and number of different types of blood cells.
During the first week of illness, a microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear might reveal morulae microcolonies of ehrlichiae in the cytoplasm of white blood cells and is highly suggestive of a diagnosis. Peripheral blood smear 24 questions answered practo consult. A blood filmor peripheral blood smear is a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically. The complete blood count cbc is a test that evaluates the cells that circulate in blood. This test focuses on the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Peripheral blood smear are usually examined to investigate hematological problems and occasionally, to look for parasites within the blood. The smear is stained with wrights stain and performed after the complete blood count is run. The results of the study suggest that peripheralblood. The smear offers a window into the functional status of the bone marrow, the factory. The blood film occupies the central portion of the slide and has definite margins on all sides that are accessible to examination by oil immersion. It has a wide range of uses, including distinguishing viral infections from bacterial infections, evaluating anemia, looking for causes of jaundice, and even diagnosing malaria. A blood smear is a blood test used to look for abnormalities in blood cells.
Peripheral blood morphology for hematological disorders remains a very important diagnostic tool give vital clues for further work up essential in situations where automated cell counter fails due to interferences peripheral blood smear examination a reflex test. A variety of methods are available for preparing and staining blood smears, the most common of which are discussed in this atlas. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis anaplasmosis cdc. Blood consists of three types of cells suspended in fluid. As previously mentioned in rbc abnormalities, one takes a venous blood sample, and then it is submitted for a cbc analysis \. Peripheral blood test your knowledge below is a slide at high magnification under an oil immersion lens. A blood smear scan serves to at least a verify the flagged automated hematology results and b determine if a manual differential leukocyte count needs to be performed. Pdf is peripheral smear examination an obsolete art.
Peripheral blood smear test purpose, procedure, results. The three main blood cells that the test focuses on are. Peripheral blood smear procedure and interpretation. Peripheral smear rah phenobarbital rah phosphorus po4 rah potassium rah prealbumin rah prenatal followup cbs prenatal initial testing tall purple need both cbs prog rah. Pre test is mcv directly measured by the cbc machine. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination. Relevant findings from the patients history and physical examination. A microscopic field showing the morphologic alterations seen on the patients blood andor bone marrow smear. The test provides information on the number and shape of these. Results of the automated cbc and the microscopic differential.
Purpose and criteria for blood smear scan, blood smear. The test request form must be completed with patient history, including pertinent clinical information and physicians name and telephone number. In this article, we have attempted to define and delineate the purpose and criteria for each of these 3 types of smear examination, as practiced by professionals. Scroll left and right to see various peripheral blood components. Neel, dvm, dacvp clinical associate professor, clinical pathology nc state college of veterinary medicine raleigh, nc, 27607 introduction although tremendous advances have been made in the field of pointofcare hematology analyzers, examination of a well prepared, well stained blood smear remains the cornerstone of veterinary. The examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important basic hematological procedure.
After conducting a history and physical examination, which reveal no additional abnormalities, you examine the patients peripheral blood smear. This test provides information about the number and shape of these cells. During the first week of illness a microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear might reveal morulae microcolonies of anaplasmae in the cytoplasm of granulocytes and is highly suggestive of a diagnosis. Examination of giemsastained peripheral blood smear is the standard test for the diagnosis of malarial infection. In some ways it is becoming a lost art but it often provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders. Peripheral blood smear analysis is a common practice to evaluate health status of a person. Peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view. The blood smear test or peripheral smear test is a type of blood test that is done to procure detailed information about the number and shape of blood cells. Examination of the patients peripheral blood smear under microscope provides so much information which guide doctors to the right direction for an accurate diagnosis and the best treatment. A good quality smear, thorough examination and proper interpretation in line with patients clinical state should be ensured by the haematopathologist. It is useful in establishing the diagnosis of malaria, identifying the plasmodium spp as well as determining the degree of parasitaemia. They may be prepared from venous blood or from capillary blood. Pdf rbc histogram as supplementary diagnostic tool with.
Part 2 examination of peripheral blood smear youtube. Test name alternate color testing site hemoglobin a1c dynalife psa dynalife. However, blood smear examination is relatively insensitive and should not be relied upon solely to diagnose anaplasmosis. Peripheral blood smear analysis using image processing. The blood smear is then fixed and stained for microscopic examination. Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system introduction this atlas is intended as a guide to the examinati on of patients wi th lesions of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Blood filled capillary tube or purple top with diffsafe dispenser. It is then treated with a special stain and studied under a microscope to examine the blood cells. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis ehrlichiosis cdc.
Second, appearance of the organism in peripheral blood, especially in cats, can be. With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters can be obtained within a few minutes. Blood smears are needed for microscopic examination of the blood. A well made peripheral smear is thick at one end and progressively thinner at the opposite end. Select two glass slides that are clean and free of chipped edges. A peripheral blood smear pbs or blood film is required to be made from capillary blood or from a drop of blood from an edta anticoagulated blood sample.
Teaching the clinical interpretation of peripheral blood smears to a. The zone of morphology area of optimal thickness for light microscopic examination should be at least 2 cm in length. The smear is greater than 25 mm long and the feathered edge stops approximately 10 mm from the end of the slide. Correlation of peripheral blood smears and cbc in general hematopoietic abnormalities osvaldo padilla, md, mph. A blood smear, also referred to as a peripheral smear for morphology, is an important test for evaluating bloodrelated problems, such as those in red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Coagulationbased hemotherapy, perioperative transfusion support based on rapid coagulation tests for advanced heart failure patients. Blood smear analysis allows quantitation of the different types of leukocytes called the differential count, estimation of the platelet count, and detection of morphologic abnormalities that may be indicators of pathophysiologic processes. A phlebotomist, a person specifically trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes the injection site with an antiseptic. The drop of blood used for a blood smear test contains numerous red blood cells rbcs, white blood cells wbcs, and platelets.
Many disorders such as malaria, anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia, sickle cell anemia etc. Get your query answered 247 with expert advice and tips from doctors for peripheral blood smear. Guidelines on standard operating procedures for microbiologyguidelines on standard operating procedures for microbiology page viipage vii pagpapaggee general laboratory directions for safety 58 99 quality assurancequality assurancequality assurance 59. Peripheral blood smear examination under microscope duration.
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